新概念英语第二册Lesson4~6课文详注
新概念英语第二册Lesson4课文详注 1.He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. (他)正在为一家大公司工作,并且已经去过澳大利亚的不少地方了。 (1) work for指“在……上班/任职”: Where do you work? 你在哪儿上班? I work for a shoe factory. 我在一家鞋厂上班。 表达“上班”这个意思时还可以说work at: She works at a department store. 她在一家百货商店上班。 (2)a number of只能接可数名词的复数形式。通常,number前有great, large, good, small, certain等形容词,数量大小也随之改变: A large/ great number of our students are Danish. 我们的学生中有许多是丹麦人。 There are a small number of spelling mistakes in your homework. 你的家庭作业里有少数几个拼写错误。 2.He will soon visit Darwin. 他不久还将到达尔文去。 will 表示将来要发生的事。这句话的时态是一般将来时。(cf. 第12课语法)下一句话From there, he will fly to Perth也是一般将来时。 3.My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting. 我弟弟以前从未出过国,因此,他觉得这次旅行非常激动人心。 (1)这句话由两个简单句组成,后一句由连词so引导,为表示结果的状语从句。 (2)find作“发现”、“发觉”讲时宾语往往带补足语(一般为形容词),说明宾语的状况、性质等: I find the film very interesting. 我觉得这电影很有趣。 She found Ton's room very dirty. 她发现汤姆的房间非常脏。 She has already found herself wrong. 她已经发现自己错了。 需要注意的是,find一词很少用于进行时态,一般用于过去时、完成时及一般现在时等。 新概念英语第二册Lesson5课文详注 1.Pinhurst is only five miles from Silbury, but Mr. Scott cannot get a telephone for his new garage, so he has just bought twelve pigeons. 平赫斯特离锡尔伯里只有5英里,但詹姆斯·斯科特先生未能为他新的汽车修理部搞到一部电话机,所以他买了12只鸽子。 (1)这句话由3个部分组成。but引导的句子与前面的句子为并列关系,so引导的句子表示结果。 (2)from 在这里表示距离上相隔,译为“离”、“从”等: The school is a mile (away) from my house. 学校离我家有一英里。 She has been away from home for 5 days now. 她离家已有5天了。 2.Yesterday, a pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury. 昨天,一只鸽子把第一封信从平赫斯特带到锡尔伯里。 (1)from…to…表示从一个地方到另一个地方。如下文中的from one garage to the other。这个短语中顺序比较重要,不能搞错方向: He flew from Beijing to Moscow. 他从北京坐飞机去莫斯科。 He looked at the girl from head to foot. 他把这姑娘从头到脚打量了一下。 The news spread from house to house. 家家户户都得知了这条消息。 (2)message在这里的意思是“(口头或书面的)信息”、“信”: an oral/ written message 口信/便条 Hers is a message for you from your sister. 这是你姐姐/妹妹给你留的便条。 John has gone to his office. Would you like to leave him a message? 约翰去办公室了。你愿意给他留个口信吗? 与message相关的另一个词是 messenger,意为“送信人”、“信使”等。 3.Up to now, Mr. Scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to the other. 到目前为止,斯科特先生从一个汽车修理部向另一个发送了大量索取备件的信件和其他紧急函件。 (1)这句话看起来很长,但却是个简单句。sent有两个宾语,一是requests,二是messages。from one garage to the other是整个句子的状语。 (2)up to now相当于until/till now,意思是“迄今”、“到目前为止”,一般与现在完成时连用: Up to now, he has not been very hard-working. 到目前为止,他一直不是很用功。 Up to now, he has collected a good number of stamps. 到目前为止,他已收集了许多邮票。 (3)request作名词“要求”、“请求”讲时,往往需要补充说明其内容,如课文中 requests for spare parts(索取备件的信件)。 She sent a request for help to Gary. 她向加里请求帮助。 He granted my request for more time. 他同意了我延长时间的请求。 (4)a great many在这句话中为形容词短语。many单独使用时前面不加a,但加了great/ good等形容词后,前面要加 a,动词用复数形式: A great many trees were destroyed in the storm. 好多树在这场暴风雨中被毁坏了。 a great many还可以作代词短语用: He has read a great many of the books in this room. 这房间的书他好多都读过了。 4.In this way, he has begun his own private‘telephone’ service. 就这样,他开始了自己的私人“电话”业务。 (1)service作为不可数名词时通常用于表示旅馆、餐馆以及商店等对旅客、顾客等的侍候、接待或服务;它作为可数名词时可以表示为帮助他人所采取的行动或所做的工作: The service in that hotel is quite good. 那家旅馆的服务很不错。 You have done me a great service. 你帮了我很大的忙。 (2)在课文中,service的意思是“业务”、“公用事业”等。这类用法一般有: the mail service(邮政业务); the telephone service(电话业务);a travel service(旅行社);a news service(通讯社)等。可以看出,service既可以指公用事业的业务,也可以指办这些业务的机构。因此,课文中的“‘telephone’service”实际上是个大词,有一种幽默感。 新概念英语第二册Lesson6课文详注 1.I have just moved to a house in Bridge Street. 我刚刚搬进了大桥街的一所房子。 move常用的意义是“动”、“移动”。在这句话里它的意思是“搬家”、“迁移”,为不及物动词。在表达“搬家”这个意思时move可以单独使用,也可以组成短语move to, move into, move in, move out 等: Jack has moved out. John will move in the day after tomorrow. 杰克已经搬走了。约翰后天搬进来。 2.He asked me for a meal and a glass of beer. (他问)我要一顿饭和一杯啤酒。 在表示请求时,可以用ask+sb. +for+sth.,也可以直接用ask for: Don't always ask others for help. 别总向他人求助。 He never asks his parents for money. 他从来不向父母要钱。 3.in return for this, 作为报答,作为交换。 in return可以单独使用,也可以加介词for说明原因: You lent me this interesting book last month. In return (for it), I'll show you some picture books. 你上个月把这本有趣的书借给了我。作为报答,我将给你看一些画册。 In return for your help, I invite you to spend the weekend with my family. 你帮了我的忙。作为回报,我邀请你与我的家人一起过这个周末。 4.Later a neighbour told me about him. 后来,一位邻居告诉了我他的情况。 介词about可以和一些动词连用,以表示“关于……(的)”、“涉及……(的)”: Please tell me about the accident. 请告诉我这次事故的一些情况。 He spoke to me about his dog. 他和我讲了讲他的狗。 I have read about him. 关于他的情况我曾经读到过。 5.once a month, 每月一次。 once表示频率时后面直接加表示时间的名词: Jane wrote to her parents once a week. 简每星期给父母写封信。 He goes back to the South once a year. 他每年回一次南方。 The postman calls once a day. 邮递员每天来一次。
新概念英语第二册第四课课文详解
一、本课生词和短语
1、exciting adj. 令人兴奋的
excite:激动
excited:
-ed: 自己感到
-ing:令人感到
exciting boy
interesting man
The man is interesting.
The news exciting,I am excited
其宾语一定是人
The news excited me.
让后面的人感到...
interesting:令人感到有趣的
interested: 感到有意思的
The book interests me.
2、receive v. 接受,收到
I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim.
我刚刚收到弟弟蒂姆的来信,
receive[ri5si:v]vt.收到, 接到, 接收(receive的过去式和过去分词是received)
re-前缀,表"又,重新"的意思。
Receive/ accept/和take的区别:
accept:同意接收
receive:客观的收到
take take the exam:接收考试; take advice接收建议
This morning I received a bunch of flowers from a boy,but I didn't accept
it.
take take the exam:接收考试; take advice接收建议
receive/have
receive/have a letter from somebody.
3、firm n. 商行,公司
Company
firm 主要用在非正式场合和口语,Company 是公司的正式称呼。
4、abroad adv. 在国外
副词,直接和动词连用
go aroad
live abroad
study abroad
5、so he is finding this trip very exciting.因此,他觉得这次旅行非常激动人心。
重点了解动词find:
find[faind]vt.找到, 发现, 感到, 查明, 得到, 认为, 见到...的存在vi.裁决n.发现
find 过去式和过去分词是found
读一读几个有find 的例句:
1. I think I'm lost; I can't find the bridge.
我想我是迷路了,我找不到那座桥了。
2. We have found oil under the North Sea.
我们在北海发现了石油。
3.find it difficult to explain
觉得难以说明
4. find a good friend in (sb.)
发现某人是个好朋友
习惯用语:
find out 发现, 找出; 猜着, 想出; 揭发(坏人等)
be found in 在某地, 到某地
be found at 在某地, 到某地
6、……he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia.
a great number of 不少的,多数的
great number of 接可数名词复数,例如:a great number of books, a great number of workers.
二、本文时态讲解
本课出现最多的是现在完成时态的用法,助动词have/has+动词的过去分词构成完成时态。它的否定句是在have/has后边加not,变一般疑问句是把have/has提前。E.g. I have ridden a horse. I have not ridden a horse. Have you ridden a horse?
它的时间状语通常为already, just, yet, ever, never, before等。另外还可和since+表过去的时间点,for+时间段连用。
课文中现在完成时态标志性的词语有:just, for six months,already,before, never .几乎将所有的标志性词语全部用上了。所以大家要好好背诵记忆。
在学习完成时态中,常常爱错的三个地方:
在现在完成时态中,1、易丢掉have/has:
例:He taken (take) the medicine before.
答案:has taken
解析:have/has 为助动词,起构成时态的作用,是不能省略的。我们可以这样记:
"现在完成时态中,have/has 不可缺。"
2、have与has易用混 :
例:I has never heard (hear) of that before.
答案:have heard
解析:现在完成时与一般现在时一样也有单三人称的变化,当单三人称作主语时用 has, 一般人称作主语时用have.
3、延续性动词与短暂性动词易弄错:
例:She has left (离开) for 2 hours.
答案:has been away
解析:在肯定句中,与since或for引出的时间状语连用的是延续性动词,不能是短暂性动词,但在否定句中短暂性动词也是可以的。E.g. I haven't bought clothes for one year. 在此题中leave是短暂性动词,不能与for+时间段连用,须把它改成相应的延续性动词。如stop be over等。此题中leave要改成be away。这两种词的转换是学习现在完成时需要注意的。
英语中现在完成时态与过去完成时态有什么区别?
区别就看他们有无两个表过去的时间,若有,就用过去完成时:
1.现在完成时表示过去发生某动作从过去一直持续到现在(将来还有可能继续下去)。常和for+时间段和since+时间点连用。
I have studied English for 3 years.( 从过去持续到现在)
I have taught here since I came here.( 主句的动作"教"从过去持续到现在),(记住:since(从……)从句的动作要用过去时,我们平时不是爱说"从过去"吗?)
2.过去完成时则主要体现过去发生的两动作的先后有别,表达的是"过去的过去",即比过去发生的某动作都还要"过去",两动作中先发生的就用过去完成时,后发生的则只用一般过去时。运用过去完成时的句子往往有两过去的时间或动作。
Mr Green had lived in New York for ten years before he came to China.("来"中国已过去,而先前"住"在纽约更过去!)
We had learned 1000 words by the end of last term.
("上期期末"已过去,而是在其前"学"的就更过去了!)
三、课文其他易混淆语法
have/has been to, have/has gone to 之间的区别:
文中原句:
He has been there for six months.has gone to Alice springs,
have/has been to强调的是"去过"某地,已经不在所说的地方,可以和次数(once,twice,three times)连用,还可以和never ,ever, just, before,so far,already等连用,但是不能和表示一段时间的短语连用(如:how long,for two days,since last week等)
have/has gone to表示"去了"某地,已经不在这里了,故不能和第一和第二人称连用,不能跟次数连用,不能和never,ever,before连用,还不能和一段时间连用。
Have/has been in 强调的是在某个地方停留的时间,要接一段时间。
动手练习:
-Mr Li isn't here. He_______Suzhou.
-What a good place!But I_____away from my hometown since I worked.
A has been to;have never been
B has gone to;havenever been
C has been to;didn't be
D has gone to;have never gone